The Hindu Editorial Vocabulary 12 November 2026

SouMitraThe Hindu Vocabulary10 hours ago21 Views

Promulgated

/PRO-mul-gay-tid/ VERB

Officially announced or put into effect a law, rule or order.

เคตเคฟเคงเคฟเคตเคค เคœเคพเคฐเฅ€ เค•เคฟเคฏเคพ; เค†เคงเคฟเค•เคพเคฐเคฟเค• เคฐเฅ‚เคช เคธเฅ‡ เค˜เฅ‹เคทเคฟเคค เคฏเคพ เคชเฅเคฐเค–เฅเคฏเคพเคชเคฟเคค เค•เคฟเคฏเคพเฅค

SYNONYMS

IssuedProclaimedAnnouncedDeclaredPublished

ANTONYMS

RevokedRepealedWithdrawnRescinded

EXAMPLE

The new regulation was promulgated after the cabinet approved it.

Brazenness

/BRAY-zuhn-nis/ NOUN

Shameless boldness, especially when someone behaves wrongly without showing embarrassment.

เคจเคฟเคฐเฅเคฒเคœเฅเคœ เคฆเฅเคธเฅเคธเคพเคนเคธ, เคฌเฅ‡เคถเคฐเฅเคฎเฅ€เฅค

SYNONYMS

ShamelessnessAudacityImpudenceEffronteryInsolence

ANTONYMS

ModestyHumilityRestraintMeekness

EXAMPLE

The manager was shocked by the employee's brazenness during the meeting.

Lacunae

/luh-KYOO-nee/ PLURAL NOUN

Gaps, missing parts or shortcomings in a law, plan, argument or system.

เค•เคฎเคฟเคฏเคพเค, เคฐเคฟเค•เฅเคค เคธเฅเคฅเคพเคจ, เค–เคพเคฎเคฟเคฏเคพเคเฅค

SYNONYMS

GapsDeficienciesOmissionsShortcomingsVoids

ANTONYMS

CompletenessFullnessWholenessEntirety

EXAMPLE

The report identified several lacunae in the school's safety plan.

Congruent

/KONG-groo-uhnt/ ADJECTIVE

Consistent with, compatible with or matching something else.

เค…เคจเฅเคฐเฅ‚เคช, เคธเค‚เค—เคค, เคฎเฅ‡เคฒ เค–เคพเคจเฅ‡ เคตเคพเคฒเคพเฅค

SYNONYMS

ConsistentCompatibleCorrespondingHarmoniousMatching

ANTONYMS

InconsistentIncompatibleConflictingDiscordant

EXAMPLE

Her actions were congruent with the values she spoke about.

Imperilling

/im-PAIR-uh-ling/ VERB

Putting someone or something in danger or at risk.

เค–เคคเคฐเฅ‡ เคฎเฅ‡เค‚ เคกเคพเคฒเคจเคพ, เคธเค‚เค•เคŸ เคฎเฅ‡เค‚ เคกเคพเคฒเคจเคพเฅค

SYNONYMS

EndangeringJeopardisingThreateningRiskingExposing

ANTONYMS

ProtectingSafeguardingSecuringPreserving

EXAMPLE

Ignoring safety rules is imperilling the lives of workers.

Complacency

/kuhm-PLAY-suhn-see/ NOUN

A feeling of satisfaction that makes someone careless or unwilling to improve.

เค†เคคเฅเคฎเคธเค‚เคคเฅเคทเฅเคŸเคฟ, เค†เคคเฅเคฎเคคเฅเคทเฅเคŸเคฟ, เคฒเคพเคชเคฐเคตเคพเคนเฅ€ เคญเคฐเฅ€ เคธเค‚เคคเฅเคทเฅเคŸเคฟเฅค

SYNONYMS

Self-satisfactionSmugnessOverconfidenceIndifferenceUnconcern

ANTONYMS

VigilanceAlertnessCautionDiligence

EXAMPLE

Success should not lead to complacency; we must keep learning.

Gestation

/jes-TAY-shuhn/ NOUN

The period during which something develops before it is ready. It can also refer to the period of pregnancy.

เคตเคฟเค•เคพเคธ เคฏเคพ เคชเคฐเคฟเคชเค•เฅเคต เคนเฅ‹เคจเฅ‡ เค•เฅ€ เค…เคตเคงเคฟ; เค—เคฐเฅเคญเคพเคตเคงเคฟเฅค

SYNONYMS

Development PeriodIncubationMaturationFormationPreparation Period

ANTONYMS

No direct antonym

EXAMPLE

The project had a long gestation period before it began producing results.

Commensurate

/kuh-MEN-sur-it/ ADJECTIVE

Equal or suitable in size, amount or degree to something else.

เค…เคจเฅเคฐเฅ‚เคช, เคธเคฎเคพเคจเฅเคชเคพเคคเฅ€, เค‰เคšเคฟเคค เค…เคจเฅเคชเคพเคค เคฎเฅ‡เค‚เฅค

SYNONYMS

ProportionateCorrespondingEquivalentMatchingAppropriate

ANTONYMS

DisproportionateUnequalUnbalancedIncommensurate

EXAMPLE

The reward should be commensurate with the effort required.

Disproportionate

/dis-pruh-POR-shuh-nit/ ADJECTIVE

Too large or too small in relation to something else; not in the correct proportion.

เค…เคธเคฎเคพเคจเฅเคชเคพเคคเฅ€, เค…เคจเฅเคชเคพเคคเคนเฅ€เคจ, เค…เคธเค‚เค—เคคเฅค

SYNONYMS

ExcessiveUnequalImbalancedInordinateUnbalanced

ANTONYMS

ProportionateBalancedCommensurateAppropriate

EXAMPLE

A small mistake should not result in a disproportionate punishment.

Anathema

/uh-NATH-uh-muh/ NOUN

A person, thing or idea that is strongly disliked or considered completely unacceptable.

เค˜เฅ‹เคฐ เค…เคชเฅเคฐเคฟเคฏ เคฏเคพ เค…เคธเฅเคตเฅ€เค•เคพเคฐเฅเคฏ เคตเคธเฅเคคเฅ เคฏเคพ เคตเคฟเคšเคพเคฐ; เค…เคญเคฟเคถเคพเคชเฅค

SYNONYMS

AbominationTabooCurseBaneDetested Thing

ANTONYMS

BlessingBoonDelightWelcome Thing

EXAMPLE

For a fair-minded judge, corruption should be anathema.

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