The Hindu Vocabulary 25 Dec 2024

1. Contention (Noun)

• Meaning (English): A heated disagreement or assertion in an argument.
• Meaning (Hindi): विवाद, तर्क
• Synonyms: Dispute, Argument, Assertion
• Antonyms: Agreement, Consensus
• Example (in a sentence): His main contention was that the law was unconstitutional.
• Related Words: Controversy, Debate

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2. Efficacy (Noun)

• Meaning (English): The ability to produce a desired or intended result.
• Meaning (Hindi): प्रभावशीलता, क्षमता
• Synonyms: Effectiveness, Efficiency, Potency
• Antonyms: Ineffectiveness, Incompetence
• Example (in a sentence): The efficacy of the new vaccine is still under investigation.
• Related Words: Productivity, Capability

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3. Arbitrary (Adjective)

• Meaning (English): Based on random choice or personal whim, rather than reason or system.
• Meaning (Hindi): मनमाना, तानाशाहीपूर्ण
• Synonyms: Capricious, Unreasonable, Despotic
• Antonyms: Rational, Justifiable
• Example (in a sentence): The arbitrary decision left the employees confused and frustrated.
• Related Words: Random, Dictatorial

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4. Obfuscate (Verb)

• Meaning (English): To deliberately make something unclear or difficult to understand.
• Meaning (Hindi): उलझाना, अस्पष्ट करना
• Synonyms: Confuse, Complicate, Muddle
• Antonyms: Clarify, Simplify
• Example (in a sentence): The lawyer tried to obfuscate the details of the case.
• Related Words: Cloud, Blur

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5. Conflagration (Noun)

• Meaning (English): A large, destructive fire.
• Meaning (Hindi): बड़ी आग, दावानल
• Synonyms: Blaze, Inferno, Wildfire
• Antonyms: Extinguishment, Calm
• Example (in a sentence): The conflagration destroyed hundreds of acres of forest.
• Related Words: Firestorm, Devastation

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6. Ambivalence (Noun)

• Meaning (English): The state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something.
• Meaning (Hindi): दुविधा, असमंजस
• Synonyms: Uncertainty, Indecision, Hesitation
• Antonyms: Certainty, Clarity
• Example (in a sentence): Her ambivalence about the new project was evident in her actions.
• Related Words: Doubt, Confusion

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7. Galvanize (Verb)

• Meaning (English): To shock or excite someone into taking action.
• Meaning (Hindi): प्रेरित करना, उकसाना
• Synonyms: Stimulate, Motivate, Inspire
• Antonyms: Discourage, Dissuade
• Example (in a sentence): The speech galvanized the team into action.
• Related Words: Electrify, Ignite

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8. Pervasive (Adjective)

• Meaning (English): Spreading widely throughout an area or group of people.
• Meaning (Hindi): सर्वव्यापी, फैलने वाला
• Synonyms: Omnipresent, Ubiquitous, Widespread
• Antonyms: Limited, Confined
• Example (in a sentence): The influence of social media is pervasive in modern society.
• Related Words: Penetrating, Invasive

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9. Cognizance (Noun)

• Meaning (English): Knowledge or awareness.
• Meaning (Hindi): जानकारी, संज्ञान
• Synonyms: Awareness, Recognition, Perception
• Antonyms: Ignorance, Unawareness
• Example (in a sentence): The court took cognizance of the new evidence presented.
• Related Words: Attention, Notice

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10. Heinous (Adjective)

• Meaning (English): Utterly wicked or abhorrent.
• Meaning (Hindi): घृणित, क्रूर
• Synonyms: Atrocious, Horrific, Monstrous
• Antonyms: Admirable, Kind
• Example (in a sentence): The heinous crime shocked the entire nation.
• Related Words: Vile, Abominable

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11. Vindication (Noun)

• Meaning (English): The action of clearing someone of blame or suspicion.
• Meaning (Hindi): पुष्टि, निर्दोषता का प्रमाण
• Synonyms: Exoneration, Justification, Defense
• Antonyms: Accusation, Blame
• Example (in a sentence): The new evidence provided vindication for the wrongly accused.
• Related Words: Clearance, Proof

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12. Insurmountable (Adjective)

• Meaning (English): Too great to overcome.
• Meaning (Hindi): अपराजेय, अजेय
• Synonyms: Invincible, Overwhelming, Impossible
• Antonyms: Manageable, Attainable
• Example (in a sentence): The team faced insurmountable challenges in the final stage.
• Related Words: Unconquerable, Formidable

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13. Stalemate (Noun)

• Meaning (English): A situation in which no progress can be made.
• Meaning (Hindi): गतिरोध, अड़चन
• Synonyms: Deadlock, Impasse, Gridlock
• Antonyms: Breakthrough, Resolution
• Example (in a sentence): The negotiations reached a stalemate over the key issues.
• Related Words: Standstill, Blockagez

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14. Gravitas (Noun)

• Meaning (English): Seriousness and importance of manner.
• Meaning (Hindi): गरिमा, गंभीरता
• Synonyms: Dignity, Solemnity, Weightiness
• Antonyms: Frivolity, Levity
• Example (in a sentence): The speaker’s gravitas made the audience take him seriously.
• Related Words: Authority, Importance

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15. Contentious (Adjective)

• Meaning (English): Causing or likely to cause an argument.
• Meaning (Hindi): विवादास्पद, झगड़ालू
• Synonyms: Controversial, Disputed, Argumentative
• Antonyms: Agreeable, Peaceful
• Example (in a sentence): The contentious issue divided the committee members.
• Related Words: Polemical, Provocative

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16. Austerity (Noun)

• Meaning (English): Sternness or severity of manner or attitude; extreme simplicity.
• Meaning (Hindi): सादगी, कठोरता
• Synonyms: Severity, Strictness, Plainness
• Antonyms: Luxury, Extravagance
• Example (in a sentence): The government imposed austerity measures to control the budget deficit.
• Related Words: Simplicity, Economy

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17. Pertinent (Adjective)

• Meaning (English): Relevant or applicable to a particular matter.
• Meaning (Hindi): प्रासंगिक, उपयुक्त
• Synonyms: Relevant, Appropriate, Related
• Antonyms: Irrelevant, Unrelated
• Example (in a sentence): His comments were pertinent to the discussion.
• Related Words: Applicable, Suitable

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18. Polarization (Noun)

• Meaning (English): Division into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions.
• Meaning (Hindi): ध्रुवीकरण, विभाजन
• Synonyms: Division, Split, Separation
• Antonyms: Unity, Harmony
• Example (in a sentence): The debate caused significant polarization among the audience.
• Related Words: Divergence, Fragmentation

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19. Imminent (Adjective)

• Meaning (English): About to happen; likely to occur soon.
• Meaning (Hindi): आसन्न, शीघ्र घटने वाला
• Synonyms: Impending, Forthcoming, Approaching
• Antonyms: Distant, Delayed
• Example (in a sentence): The storm’s imminent arrival prompted evacuation warnings.
• Related Words: Near, Looming

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20. Perilous (Adjective)

• Meaning (English): Full of danger or risk.
• Meaning (Hindi): खतरनाक, जोखिमपूर्ण
• Synonyms: Hazardous, Risky, Unsafe
• Antonyms: Safe, Secure
• Example (in a sentence): The explorers embarked on a perilous journey through the mountains.
• Related Words: Dangerous, Treacherous